Existentialism Essay Essay

Ever wonder why we have the term â€Å"free will† or where it begun? Individuals accept that an individual can find themselves as an individual and pick how to live by the choices they make; well this is the place the word existentialism becomes an integral factor. Existentialism has been around since the mid nineteenth century with Soren Kierkegaard’s philosophical and religious compositions which, in the twentieth century, would be perceived as existentialism. The term was first authored by Gabriel Marcel, the French savant and later received by Jean-Paul Sartre, Friedrich Nietzsche and different scholars for whom human presence were key philosophical subjects; yet Kierkegaard is known as the â€Å"Father of Existentialism†. Existentialism suggests that man is loaded with nervousness and depression with no importance in his life, basically existing, until he settled on a conclusive decision about what's to come. That is the best approach to accomplish pride as a person. Existentialists felt that embracing a social or political reason was one method of offering reason to life. From that point forward, existentialism has been utilized by authors, for example, Hamlet, Voltaire, Henry David Thoreau, in Buddha’s lessons, and that's only the tip of the iceberg. Consistently, existentialism has been seen from different focal points to communicate various thoughts, feelings, just as to extend the manner of thinking of perusers, film go’ers, and theater sweethearts all over and has been exorbitantly utilized in Kurt Vonnegut’s hostile to war novel Slaughterhouse Five, Samuel Beckett’s play Waiting for Godot, and in the film Inception. Existentialism is an idea that got famous during the Second World War in France, and soon after it. French writers have regularly utilized the phase to communicate their perspectives about anything going on the planet. There were â€Å"hidden meanings† that were normal all through the period so plays would have the option to go without being restricted or edited. One who composed top rated books, plays and broadly read news-casting just as hypothetical writings during this period was Jean-Paul Sartre. Sartre had been detained in Germany in 1940 however figured out how to get away and get one of the pioneers of the Existential development in France. Sartre managed existentialist topics in his 1938 novel Nausea and the short stories in his 1939 assortment The Wall, and had distributed his treatise on existentialism, Being and Nothingness in 1943, yet it was in the two years following the freedom of Paris from the German involving powers that he and his nearby partner turned out to be universally popular as the main figures of a development known as existentialism. A significant topic all through his compositions was opportunity and duty. One other incredibly mainstream essayist and dramatist during a similar time as Sartre, just as a dear companion, was Albert Camus. In a short measure of time, Camus and Sartre turned into the main open scholarly people of post-war France accomplishing, before the finish of 1945, â€Å"a distinction that came to over all crowds. † (Existential Primer: Albert Camus) Camus dismissed the existentialist name and believed his attempts to be worried about confronting the silly. In the Titular book, Camus utilizes the similarity of the Greek fantasy of Sisyphus to exhibit the pointlessness of presence. In the legend, Sisyphus is censured forever by the divine beings to roll a stone up a slope; when he arrives at the culmination, the stone will move to the base once more. Camus accepts that this presence is inconsequential yet Sisyphus eventually discovers importance and reason in his errand, basically by constantly putting forth a concentrated effort to it. For Camus, this related intensely to regular day to day existence, and he saw Sisyphus a â€Å"absurd† saint, with an inconsequential presence. Camus felt that it was important to think about what the significance of life was and that the individual ached for some feeling of clearness on the planet, since â€Å"if the world were clear, workmanship would not exist. † (Existential Primer: Albert Camus) â€Å"The Myth of Sisyphus† turned into a model for existentialism in the theater and in the long run propelled Beckett to compose Waiting for Godot. In Beckett’s Waiting for Godot, existentialism shows itself in a couple of ways; the disappointment of attempting to comprehend the significance throughout everyday life, the proceeded with redundancy seen all through the play, and the failure to act. What stays prototype in Waiting for Godot, concerning the absurdist illustration is the manner by which each character depends on the other for solace, backing, and the greater part of all, which means. Vladimir and Estragon urgently need each other so as to abstain from carrying on with a forlorn and negligible life. The two together capacities as a similitude for endurance, similar to the characters that continue and tail them, they feel constrained to leave each other, and yet constrained to remain together. They think about splitting, be that as it may, at long last, never entirely. Andrew Kennedy clarifies these ceremonies of separating saying, â€Å"each resembles a practiced function, carried on to reduce the separation between time present and the cutting off of the association, which is both feared and desired†(57). Hence, Vladimir and Estragon’s failure to leave each other is simply one more case of the vulnerability and dissatisfaction they feel as they hang tight for a clarification of their reality. One of the most predominant topics in Waiting for Godot is Estragon and Vladimir’s failure to act. At the point when Estragon says â€Å"Let’s go†, Vladimir says â€Å"We can’t†¦ We’re sitting tight for Godot† (page 7). They are not even sure that Godot will come, or that they are holding up at the ideal spot. Regardless of whether he doesn’t come, they intend to stand by inconclusively. Regardless of whether he doesn’t come, they intend to stand by inconclusively. Subsequent to seeing Pozzo’s brutality to Lucky, Vladimir and Estragon are insulted. However they are as yet unfit to effectively improve Lucky’s circumstance. Pozzo lets Estragon and Vladimir realize that they don't have power over their short term or even their far off future. When discussing the strange nightfall, Estragon and Vladimir identify with hanging tight for Godot. Inasmuch as they realize what's in store, holding up is their solitary strategy. Since Estragon and Vladimir can never settle on an unequivocal decision about what they need to do or about their future, their life appears to have no significance.

Special Interests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Uncommon Interests - Essay Example These intrigue bunches campaign the individuals inside authoritative bodies so the work areas are reinforced for the ideological groups. They assume their job at realizing those government officials to control who will comprehend their motivation and subsequently have a feeling of sympathy for what they are raising their voice for. These intrigue bunches likewise complete mystery exercises with the goal that specific work territories can be focused on. Having said as much, these intrigue bunches have the talent of contending inside open publicity regions where such battles are an ordinary standard. Since the conversation fixates on these intrigue gatherings, the need is to appreciate the various sorts of these intrigue gatherings. Right off the bat, there are the monetary intrigue bunches which consider the differed worker's organizations, the different offices of business and ventures and a couple of different strict gatherings. These intrigue bunches additionally carry with them so me expert affiliations which incorporate inside them talented specialists like specialists, modelers, legal advisors and different experts who are making their imprint. The third sort is contained the open intrigue bunches which incorporates people who are basically the companions of the earth and are assuming their desperate job inside the inspiring of the expectations for everyday comforts of the individuals. The fourth and last is a specific vested party which is all the more a subgroup which shapes under the sponsorship of a bigger gathering and has a much limited intrigue region. These intrigue bunches endeavor to give a valiant effort as far as safeguarding business as usual just as to support the equivalent over a timespan. Therefore, these intrigue bunches are held in isolated vein from the weight bunches which exist inside the fore of any general public nowadays (Wilcox, 2005). Since these intrigue bunches have a specific definition behind their foundation, their supporters transparently speak more loudly from time to time. They accept resolutely in the presence of these intrigue bunches which is a fascinating suggestion since they speak to these intrigue gatherings and would go as far as possible to advise individuals to come and join a typical reason. Consequently, a few people accept that these intrigue bunches are established to serve a concealed motivation, which could possibly be valid consistently. This is on the grounds that their idiosyncrasies are very unusual to express the least and henceforth numerous suppositions do happen by the individuals inside a network or society concern (Cigler, 2011). To cite a few models, a portion of the more prestigious intrigue bunches incorporate the ASH which fills in as a legitimate activity arm inside the nonsmoking network. It intends to bring or join inside various legitimate activities that worry smoking just as ensuring towards the way that the voice of the nonsmoker is constantly heard noisy and clea r. The nonsmokers’ rights development is dealt with by ASH basically. Also, GLAAD advances and recommends a fairness premise regarding reasonable, exact and comprehensive portrayal of individuals just as occasions inside the various media structures (Pallotta, 2012). The mission behind GLAAD is to get rid of homophobia and separation premise towards sexual direction and sex personality. 2. Examine the connection between intrigue gatherings and ideological groups. The relationship that exists between intrigue gatherings and ideological groups is a wellspring of motivation to the extent the endeavors of the intrigue gatherings

Blog Archive Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sloan) Essay Analysis, 2008-2009

Blog Archive Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sloan) Essay Analysis, 2008-2009 Cover Letter Prepare a cover letter (up to 500 words) seeking a place in the MIT Sloan MBA Program. Describe your accomplishments and include an example of how you had an impact on a group or organization. Your letter should conform to standard business correspondence and be addressed to Mr. Rod Garcia, Director of MBA Admissions. MIT Sloan has finally changed the wording of its unique request for a cover letter, streamlining its language and incorporating some of the text from its “impact” essay question of past years. In some ways, by requesting an example of your impact, MIT Sloan is challenging you to  reveal how worthy you are of taking your place in their classroom. Candidates would be wise to offer a powerful  example and then connect  it with  expected contributions to MIT Sloan and personal/professional benefits that will be derived from its MBA experience. (Although it is not entirely clear in the wording of the essay, we think that it is implicit that if you are asked to explain why you are seeking a place at  MIT Sloan  that you should offer details of your connection to the school.) A quick point about your introduction: for some reason, candidates feel compelled to start cover letters with “my name is X and I am applying to MIT….” This is a typical and boring introduction offering information that the school already possesses. By creating a different and compelling opening, you will grab and hold the attention of an Admissions Officer who has read thousands of these essays. While the MIT cover letter is different form the typical personal statement, there are still some “global” fundamentals that apply. Thus, we offer our “MBA Mission Personal Statement Guide” to you, free of charge, via our online store.   Please feel free to download your copy today. Essays We are interested in learning more about you and how you work, think, and act. For each essay, please provide a brief overview of the situation followed by a detailed description of your response. Please limit the experiences you discuss to those which have occurred in the past three years. In each of the essays please describe in detail what you thought, felt, said, and did. Essay 1: Please tell us about a challenging interaction you had with a person or group. (500 words or less, limited to one page) It is important to note that “challenging” need not be interpreted as “heated.” In this essay, you do not have to tell the story of a confrontation, but need to show the reader that you encountered a dynamic that was difficult to navigate and, of course (despite the fact that the question does not ask for it), diplomatically attempted to resolve or did in fact resolve  a problem. Through your efforts at resolution, you will reveal your character and management/team/interpersonal style to the Admissions Committee. So, it is important that you carefully consider the message that you send via your actions. Ask yourself objectively, “Am I revealing ‘Sloan-friendly’ qualities?” Essay 2: Please tell us about a time when you defended your idea. (500 words or less, limited to one page) Each year, Sloan has a question about your ability to advocate, persuade or, in this case, defend an idea. In terms of semantics, the word to take notice of in this essay is the “your” in “your idea.” This is not an opportunity for you to discuss a time when you advocated for someone else â€" you need to “own” this idea to answer the question properly. Of course, your ownership will have its foil â€" those who do not believe in it. While it is important that you show that you defended your idea passionately, it is also vital that you show that you were not stubborn or inflexible. You want to show that you were willing to consider alternatives and reason through counterarguments. Although this is not a rule, many successful essays will show that you were persuasive and succeeded in changing minds.   Essay 3: Please tell us about a time when you executed a plan. (500 words or less, limited to one page) In this essay, you will lead the reader not through the mechanics of a business implementation, but through your process as you were taken by a possibility and gathered the resources and momentum to see it through. What is important to note is that this should not be a “hard” business case, but should be an opportunity for the Admissions Committee to understand your personality through your actions. So, you will need to concentrate on the “soft” aspects of the process (indeed â€" “what you thought, felt, said and did”). We  remind you to think of this as a narrative, not as a formal essay. Tell the story of how you executed, not the results at the end of a successfully executed plan.   Essay 4: Please tell the Admissions Committee whatever else you would like us to know. (250 words or less, limited to one page) Considering that MIT limits your choices above and forces you to answer  all of its  questions, it will likely be a relief to many candidates to have this free opportunity to convey something that is not captured in the essay questions above. If you have a unique passion, hobby, activity or life experience that you have not had the opportunity to share, but shapes you personally,  then this would be a good place to  write about  it. Candidates should take note of the fact that there is still an additional 250 word area in the supplemental information space to explain academic/GMAT problems. So, essay four should be viewed as an opportunity to reveal character, not explain how you can or have overcome academic obstacles.   Share ThisTweet Blogroll

RFID Financial System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 22 Words: 6737 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? How RFID can be used to improve financial performance of a corporation Introduction There has been much discussion in the last couple of decades around the topic of RFID. RFID in its simplest definition can be described as a system of identification where an electronic device uses radio frequencies or magnetic fields differences to communicate. As David Twist (Twist, 2005) observes in his study into the impact of RFID on supply chains, Radio frequency identification or RFID has received much press of late, mainly due to the recent compliance mandates by many of the worlds largest retailers (Wal-Mart, Target, Tesco, Marks and Spencer, etc.) and Gillettes reported purchase of 500 million units last year. Much of the original research and literature on the topic of RFID is focused on its use within the retail and production sectors of commercial enterprise. For example, in an attempt to improve efficiency with inventory control retail companies like Marks and Spencer rolled out RFID technology into their products, allowing direct contract from the retail floor to many of its global suppliers. (Handfield Ernest L Nichols, 2002) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "RFID Financial System" essay for you Create order More recently the use of RFID technology has started to emerge in other areas in the corporate world. In particular, projects and proof of concepts are been conducted with the hope that RFID systems will bring potential benefits in the management of supply chains within Data Center operations. Todays Data Centers are increasingly complex environments. Data Center executives need to have a clear understanding of their business to deliver predictive results. This means they need to know what assets they have on hand and where these assets are located. With the added pressure of market rules and regulations companies are being required to deliver improved compliance and business performance (Eid Caldwell, 2007). This drive is shifting the allocation of IT budgets to compliance and corporate governance initiatives. (Eid Caldwell, 2007). RFIDs commitment is to provide proactive inventory management, and auditing. It will enable IT organizations to align with regulatory requirements to e nsure that they are able to provide accurate reports and minimize inventory errors that can be introduced by humans. RFID suppliers are moving to enable mass deployment of this technology with customers. Applied Business Intelligence has estimated that by 2008 RFID purchases will reach to 1.6 billion. (Williams, 2005a) This demand will force the RFID industry to create better technology and solutions and push the cost of a RFID tag to about 5 cents. (Williams, 2005a) As stated above RFID technology is beginning to take shape in a number of different industries, such as financial markets Data Centers, who see this as a way of inventory management, efficient and accurate Supply Chain Management, and improved security of data.. In addition RFIDs objective is to create checks and balances that foster better control on inventory management and subsequently create higher value for the organization (Jones et al., 2005; Tan, 2007). This results in better visibility on asset inventory and ultimately affects the bottom line for a company. Some of the financial market organizations are starting to consider the use of RIFD. These organizations are co-developing RFID solutions for Data Center Operations with some of the leading software and hardware companies such as HP, IBM and SUN. Data Center executive need the ability to accurately track their assets from the time the asset enters the data center to the time the asset leaves the data center. They are also interested in knowing if the asset moves within the data center. The use of RFID is fairly new in the Data Center environment. This early stage impacts the adoption rate because financial market data centers are serious about security particularly in accessing the data center floor and wireless data transmission. Scope The central focus of this paper is to provide further understanding on how RFID can be used to benefit data center organizations, predominantly in the financial sector. The paper will develop its focus on the major issues currently existing with RFIDs. In particular the paper will focus on how RFID can be implemented in Data Centers to provide similar benefits of managing and controlling inventory. The paper will also explore if data center executives have inventory management systems which can account for changes in the Data Center and update its financial systems accurately so do asset is left behind and charge backs on the use of devices is transferred to the business units. Having this type of system in place will create value for the company and ensure that company assets have a tighter control which ultimately has a positive affect on operational costs It is anticipated that the conclusion of the research will add value to the existing literature concerning the benefits of RFID in financial data centers. In addition the paper will also touch on the security and regulatory compliance issues, the research will evaluate whether the implementation of RFID will add value to the business and assess the potential benefits that it might bring to the corporation in terms of improvement to financial performance. To achieve this position, data collection and analysis will be completed from at-least two organizations that are anticipating the benefits as well as those that have already implemented the RFID systems. In the latter case it should be possible to secure a reasonable estimation of the results of RFID in a practical environment. Similarly, where the organizations used are public corporations, financial performance indicators are available from financial statements and reports that are publicly recorded through the companys own websites and other online financial organizations such as FT.com. Objectives The main objectives of this paper will be fulfilled by utilizing; the use of in person interviews, currently available case studies on RFID use and information from other data sources. The primary data will include direct interviews. To ensure that the objectives are met for this paper , this dissertation will focus on the need to provide further understanding regarding the current perceived major issues which surround the subject of RFID technology by addressing the following objectives: What is RFID? By providing a brief history on the evolution of RFID it is anticipated that will enhance the understanding of the technology and its uses. In addition, this background will access the current uses of RFID and make an effort to identify its future development. How can RFID be deployed to improve financial performance monitoring in corporations? With its ability to track physical assets and inventory in real time, the paper will intend to answer the question as to whether the implementation of RFID improves IT Asset Management and promote financial performance of a corporation. Will RFID provide access to actionable information that will assist Data Center executives to make better and faster decisions? Having business intelligence is important in running an effective IT organization. Todays complex data centers rely on their senior managers to make decision that impact the bottom line. RFID promises to provide information that can be acted and decided upon in a more efficient, effective and timely manner. Are there any integration issues that may arise in providing real-time asset data, which would hold financial information? With any new technology being introduced into an organization there are always integration issues due to existing technology and company politics. It will be important to review this area to understand these issues. As an integral part of this research it is planned to evaluate the potential positive and negative impact that the implementation of RFID technology might have upon data and privacy protection. Does RFID improve the accuracy of financial information? The debate on RFID improving accuracy of financial information is starting to take shape with organization. The hope is that once all assets are tagged, RFID will provide better control on the assets lifecycle. Having this type of visibility will enable the finance team to obtain accurate information. How can RFID simplify the tracking of physical IT assets, inventory and auditing management? RFID is an enabler of other activities that can improve on IT Asset Management Activities. This can range from how IT assets are managed from a physical, financial and contractual perspective. Overview To ensure there is clarity on this paper the research has been organized in the following format. Chapter one will be an introductory chapter discussing the topic of RIFD and objectives of the paper. Chapter two will discuss the history on RFID technology. This background information will provide a good foundation and understanding of the current direction RFID is moving towards to satisfy the data center market. In addition chapter two will also discuss current and recent literature on RFID technology. This will cover literature pertaining to the current directional process of the RFID, its existing use within the retail and production sectors of commerce, and the application of this technology towards the commercial environment including the tracking of IT assets in data centers. Security and regulatory issues and other impact concerns will also be briefly touched upon in this chapter. Chapter three will explain the research methodology that has been chosen for this study, outlining in detail what data has been relied upon in order to satisfy the aims and objectives of this study. This will include a detailed explanation of the basis and conduct of the questionnaires and interviews that were used for the purpose of collecting the primary data upon which the research conclusion has been based. Additionally, this chapter will show how this data has been collected, as well as provide an outline on how the research was carried out. In chapter four, the findings of the research completed will be presented and discussed in depth. The findings from both the primary data interviews and questionnaires and secondary data sources will be presented in chapter four. Following this chapter a detailed discussion will be provided which will include the comparison of the primary data collected against other secondary data sources. It is anticipated that the primary data will be valid with the opportunity to identify other issues that have yet to be addressed within current academic research. In the concluding chapter, number six, the results of the research will be drawn together and the resolution of the objectives that have been discussed previously in section 1.2 will be addressed. In addition and where appropriate, recommendations will be made that could help in addressing the issues which have been identified and also assist to set the target for future research. History of RFID and Literature Review History of RFID The grass roots of Radio frequency identification (RFID) can be traced back to World War II when the Germans, Japanese, Americans, and British were utilizing radar to monitor aircraft activity. Since then RFID has made its way to an early and primitive version which was utilized in the 1950s at the US Department of Agriculture to study the movement of cows (Hodges McFarlane, 2004a) for health purposes. As the technology matured, the invention of RFID created an interest in the commercial world with the push to understand how this new technology could be used in business. By the 1970s commercial usage of RFID was introduced (Hodges McFarlane, 2004a; Landt, 2001) which lead to the early development of the EAS system (Electronic Survilenace Systems). This system was used to help deter and counteract theft, particularly in the retail environment, such as clothing stores, books stores, and libraries. The technology also has seen much success in transportation control for toll collection as well as for tracking animals in farms. These successes positioned RFID to find itself at the door step of manufacturing companies to assist in automation of factory production processes (Hunt, Puglia Puglia, 2007). In addition RFID is being used in Factories for inventory control within the business supply chain process. With this progressive footprint RIFD has also moved towards competing with barcode identification products. Unlike the barcode reader, RFID systems were seen to have a significant advantage in this area as, the RFID reader did not need a direct line o f sight to work and the information on the tag could be changed. The barcode data is static and cannot be changed once it has been entered on the barcode itself (Hodges McFarlane, 2004b). For additional information on the differences between RFID and Barcode please see Table 1. The latter part of the 1990s saw continued to growth in commercial usage and new RFID applications. RFID found popularity in use within airlines, for such tasks as baggage handling, road and other transport tolling, the retail market for inventory use, and in general it was beginning to be used increasingly for supply chain management purposes and asset tracking (Hodges McFarlane, 2004a; Landt, 2001). In the last several years Supermarkets both in the US and UK have started to use RIFD during the introduction of automated and self checkouts. While it seems that RFID has seen much success it has had its share of issues and competition from barcode technology. The main problem that affected the RFID systems during that time, and which ultimately hampered their use in more widespread applications, was the differences between the system characteristic. This meant that RFID were not universal, which led other RFIDs not working with RFID reader from other vendors and vice versa. This difficulty kept the system costs high (Hodges McFarlane, 2004a) and deterred both the developer and commercial organizations from further investment. It was not until the ISO 18000 standards came into force to standardize these systems that RFID began to find more extensive uses (Ranky, 2006; Rees, 2004). This change led to significant cost reductions and the development of more comprehensive and complex RFID systems. As a result the current decade has seen RFID systems being extended into more areas of social control, such as ID cards, passports , credit cards, speed control systems and commercial areas of the supply chain. Recently RFID has started to emerge in corporate data centers. While the move into data centers is a positive sign it is moving at a conservative pace than other sectors. This is due to partly being a new technology, which has not fully ironed out technical, integration and business issues. While this is the case it still has prompted some active interest from the financial institutions. Literature Review of RFID Gartner Inc. is forecasting that the RFID market is positioned to achieve worldwide revenues in excess of $1.2 billion in 2008. This growth is about 31% over 2007 (Gaudin, 2008). Additionally Gartner Inc. sited in 2005 that RFID was embryonic with implementations only occurring in lab environments. Today in 2008 Gartner has stated that RFID is considered an emerging technology with high growth potential and create meaningful business benefits (Phillip Redman Woods, 2005; Sylvain Fabre et al., 2008). Figure 1. Hype Cycle for Wireless Networking Infrastructure, 2008 (Gartner, 2008) As noted in the Hype Cycle figure provided by Gartner RFID is in it technology trigger phase and it is about 5 to 10 years away from being adopted as a mainstream technology. This means there is room for growth and improvement in this technology (Sylvain Fabre et al., 2008). Many company who have been looking with RFID are moving forward beyond the pilot phase and entering the exploration phase (Gaudin, 2008). As discussed previously, the growth of RFID is increasing at a rapid pace, with systems being introduced everywhere, (Yoder, 2006) from classrooms, for educational purposes, public control programs, such as tolling, to corporate security usage. It is with no surprise that RFID is attracting the attention of academics and other observers. This condition also accounts for the extensive levels of literature relating to both the theory of RFID and the variety of applications available from both a commercial and social viewpoint. In addition following a brief review of the other use s of RFID, there is literature available which is focused on the issues of RFID as they relate specifically to the corporate world, with particular attention being paid to their use within financial markets and their data centers. Impact of RFID on the retail sector and their suppliers Many researchers have indicated that one of the areas that seen a proliferation in the use of RIFD technology has been within the retail sector (Attaran, 2007; Birch, 2007a; Jones et al., 2005). RFID in the retail environment can perform numerous tasks, (Birch, 2007a) which includes tagging products to control product shrinkage, assist in streamlining and maintenance of inventory by having a direct connection with the suppler. In addition RFID can also assist in inventory accuracy, and reduction in out of stock inventory which can lead to consumers not purchasing an item, buying an item at another store, substitute for a different brand, or delay purchasing (Corsten Gruen, 2003; DeHoratius Raman, 2004; Langdoc, Garf Suleski, 2006). Today, RIFD technology used within the retail sector is relatively a simple process; the advantage is that it reduces the cost per unit to fractions of dollars. This is because unlike barcodes, RFID do not have to be product or item specific. They can be used over a wider range of business operations, (Chawathe et al., 2004) this is achieved by RFIDs product design and its sizing. For example, a major retailer like Wal-mart can use RFID systems not only to identify to the supplier current store stock levels, but also provide sufficient analysis information relating to consumer purchasing habits and needs. RFID can also improve the financial performance of the business. For example, with the development of a new RFID system which include EPC facilities, Wal-mart is expecting to make savings of $ billions each year (Birch, 2007b). This translates to additional low cost competitive advantage within the retail market sector. The general consensus around RFID, with its real time access to data, has led to retailers experiencing added value being created to their businesses (Auramo, Kauremaa Tanskanen, 2005; Ranadive, 2006; Schuster, Allen Brock, 2006). In actual fact (Auramo, Kauremaa Tanskanen, 2005) has identified the following benefits to retailers: Table 1 Benefits of Real Time access to data Improvement to Customer Service Additional efficiency in productivity which allows employees to concentrate on other important business areas and operations Leads to increased speed of transfer within the supply chain network as well as the introduction of a greater level of flexibility Aids in planning and further development of new and existing products Provides strategic benefits and furthers competitive advantage RFID and the supply chain Irrespective of whether an organization is product or service orientated, every business will have a supply chain, even if each organization may have a slight variability within the supply chain. The essence in managing supply chain is to ensure that products move from their place of origination (the supplier) to the intended location (the store) to arrive at the required time. As (Birch, 2007c) comments in his study of the implications of RFID, the three dimensional aspect of RFID (what were and when) makes it invaluable within the supply chain process, a view which is also shared by other researchers (Hansen Gilbert, 2008; Heizer Render, 2006). One of the major benefits derived from RFID systems is its movements towards the real-time enterprise (Drobik et al., 2002). Real-time enterprise should not be considered a technology definition rather a business process definition. However, technology is still needed to create this Real-time enterprise. Implementing this type of business model places the organization to manage its operations predictably. The CEO of Tibco Inc., Vivek Ranadive has coined the term Predicative Business. Maninging towards a predictive business model requires access to real time information. RFID is a clear example on using this technology to establish real-time information for business to operate their vital processes without delays. (Drobik et al., 2002; Handfield Ernest L Nichols, 2002; Ranadive, 2006). To translate this into the retail environment it would mean that there will be no delays caused to the retailer in transmitting order requirements to the supplier because in many cases this information is communicated directly from the retail store to the supplier. Furthermore, the businesses at both ends of the supply chain can eliminate the need to produce and transmit any paperwork to each other; because the data is automaically transmitted electronically between the two supply chain points which ultimately promote a better and faster process. RFID in the retail sector has created a positive impact which can be observed in the following areas. Firstly there is noticeable improvement in customer service because customers today have higher demands and expectation of being served in a faster manner. Secondly there is a cost advantage to the retailer. This advantage not only is seen in more efficient use of human assets, it also has an impact on the distribution and transportation process. As David Twist (Twist, 2005) indicated within his research that there are some analyst who belief that RFID could be instrumental in reducing the retailer and supplier need for warehousing space by up to 50% in the future. All of these anticipated cost reductions will also have the effect of increasing the financial performance of the business and thus the value returned to its owners and shareholders. It is therefore not surprising that some of the major of retail chains like Wal-Mart, Target and Tesco are demanding their suppliers take on board these systems (Williams, 2005b) RFID use in the Data Center (this might need to be a chapter on its own) In an article published in 2007 Gartner Inc., noted that IT organization will be spending their budget dollars on initiatives that are aligned with Governance, Risk and Compliance. The compliance spending is being forced upon IT organization to show that they have their houses in order and can show business value for the company (Eid Caldwell, 2007) This places a spotlight on IT Asset Management. IT Asset Management also known in the market as ITAM is an IT business process discipline which focuses on improving cost and provides more accurate picture of what value IT brings to the organization. This value can be measured by how IT organizations can establish visibility on the entire lifecycle of an asset. Todays data centers are much more complex and equipment dense due Moores Law of the ever shrinking computer. This means that data centers can hold more equipment today then they did 30 years ago when we only saw larger mainframe units in data centers. The data center market trends from 1980 to 2000 had been focused on IT Outsourcing and IT Centralization. Early 2000 we have started to that data centers have started to become more complex, and the focus is shifting on power management, cooling, virtualization, asset management, and data center efficiency. At this time the data centers are in a transition phase where they are looking initiatives that look at services delivery, risk management, reducing complexity from business processes, establish Real-time Infrastructure and autiomation and most importantly understand the cost of resources being deployed. This progressive change in the data center has warranted IT organization to operate their data centers like a business. IT executives are measured on quality, cost of services, and compliance. Therefore, for IT to operate as a business with fiscal responsibility the management team need to consider such topics as IT budget management, cost center charge-backs to other business units on the use of IT assets and applications, regular IT audits on inventory and software to meet compliance requirements on Sarbanes-Oxley, understanding the financials of an asset, such as the purchase price, if the asset is on maintenance, and when the asset will be decommissioned. Ultimately this visibility enables the IT executives to be strategic for their business. As noted in the previous chapter the drive towards creating a Real-time Enterprise has recently emerged in the last several years. It is important to note that Real-time Enterprise is not all about technology. It has more to do in driving initiatives that can remove unnecessary bottlenecks from business processes. IT Asset Management promotes that regular IT inventory and audits are completed to meet regulatory and financial requirements. In large publicly traded companies IT leaders are being asked to provide accurate and timely information to support the regulatory requirements of finance. This can translate that IT organizations have to: conduct regular annual data center inventory complete a security audit, provide depreciation costs for assets, end of life asset count end of lease asset count IT organizations have to be agile to responds to these requests as they come in especially in larger data centers where the rate of change is very high. There is a constant cycle of equipment being provisioned, installed, moved, redeployed and decommissioned. Conducting manual inventory and audits in large equipment dense data centers can make this effort costly and time consuming. This manual process will attempt to anticipate the rate of change in the data center; however it will not provide a 100% account of the inventory. Additionally by the time the inventory is completed the collected information is out dated and not 100% accurate due to frequent or daily change management activities in the data center. To add to this, completing data center inventory and audits can become an expensive proposition. Firstly todays data centers are under high security, therefore typically the individuals who end up doing these inventories are highly paid individuals who have key roles within the data center and being asked to do level tasks. A typical salary of an IT professional fully burden is about $100,000 per year. Talk about inventory, audit, people issues, cost issues, chargebacks, etc etc etc. cost_cutting_in_it_eliminati_155615.pdf audits_and_events_drive_gove_145903.pdf ?The rapid expansion of the internet and the World Wide Web has created a significant impact in the volume of data centers being built. These data centers are holding the IT equipment and databases which many of the organizations employees may need to access on a regular basis. Today data centers are faced with the issue of time and cost of tracking information about their physical assets. To make matters more complicated data center operations has to account for potential asset and data theft or misplacement, as well as the need for compliance with regultiry standards. This calls for sophisticated and effective tracking systems in place. This is especially true in the case of data centers that may be external to the organization such as a call center, which can increase the risk dramatically (Burgess Connell, 2006), simply because of the fact that data is being held in different locations (Wyld, 2006). Faced with this situation and the extensie amout of information that these cost center assets hold (Wyld, 2006) there is a need for data centers to employ robust systems that will assist with the process of data control and monitoring. Frank Lanza worldwide director of HP RFID Program states; Physical inventory of IT assets is critical in data centers, especially those with thousands of devices (HP.com, 2006). Frank Lanza also pointed out that the HP RFID technology could enable better accuracy of inventory, increase security and reduce data center operational and auditing costs. (HP.com, 2006). Lanza and others go on to promote the benefits of using RFID technology to address these issues, explaining that it provides an automated method for collecting, organizing, sorting, displaying, and updating correct information (DiBella, 2008). Analysis and Design Chapter three will outline the methodology chosen for performing the research as well as the reason why the method was used. This chapter includes an overview of the various methods available, and an explanation of their advantages and disadvantages of each as well as identifying the approaches of how all the data was collected and evaluated. Research method choice Understanding that this research paper is not about the mechanics of how RFID systems work in technical detail, rather it is focused on the affects o the usages that this technology was been applied to. The data collection for this study has focused on the academic theory and practical application of RFID systems within the corporate environment, as well as providing an assessment of the efficiency effectiveness of these systems following their implementation. Based on this it became important to choose a method of data and information that would ensure that the objectives of this study were met and also contributed value to the present academic and practical research that exists today (site site). Fundamentally, all forms and models of data research will either fall into the category of secondary and primary (White, 2000). Secondary data research predominantly relies on the academic and practical research of others, where primary data in most cases is collected directly by the researcher. Before a method is chosen analysis needs to be completed on the advantages and limitation of these methods. Secondary data source has the advantage of provding a more extensive range of publications and opinions from diverse sources while having limitations. For example if one is using case studies they can have a restrictive sampling. In addition, the researcher does not have direct contact with the subject and is simply relying on the opinion and observations of others. Nevertheless, secondary data collection can be invaluable in assisting with understanding of the research subject and for the purpose of comparison and validation. Primary data collection also has its limitations. Again the sampling element is an issue in that the response numbers replied have to be sufficiently robust to ensure that they can be relied upon and that the method of collection, for example the quality of the questions, is sufficiently relevant to the subject matter. Primary data collection is also subject to other constraints, such as time, cost and geographical locations. For example, in one needed a survey that involved collection of data from a representative sample throughout the US, this would present the research with geographical, time and cost difficulties if this collection were being performed through the use of an interview. Taking into account these conditions, the method chosen for this paper was that of primary data. This method would also rely on the collection and use of secondary data. There were a number of reasons for this choice. The main consideration was that, although there is a reasonable level of data relating to the use of RFID in a supply chains and data centers, there is little that is specifically linked to the use of RFID in the financial sector. Therefore the research was completed by collecting data from direct responses of the employees who are directly responsible for the decision, implementation and operation of RFID systems. In addition secondary data was used to add value of the primary findings. Questionnaires and interviews The collection of primary data is based on the use of questionnaires and direct interviews. It was consideration that this combination would add depth and vaule to the findings through the use of these two alternative methods (White, 2000). There were ten questions chosen for the final questionnaire, which combined the use of open and close method of design. The survey was designed to capture simple response such as department and position, where were closed questions the others were multiple choices. In addition, space was provided to allow the respondents to make additional comments where they felt it was appropriate. As anticipated, by working closely with a representative of the organizations, the level of response rate was higher than would normally be expected with 56 of 85. To support and enhance the findings from the questionnaire, three interviews were conducted and the transcripts of these is attached to this study (appendix 2 and 3). Methods and Realization How the design was implemented? Changes made to the design in the course of the implementation. How was the data collected? How was the implementation tested? Typically code listings, screen shots and test runs will appear as appendices Results and Evaluation Description of the results followed by their review. These may include, where appropriate, feedback from test groups, users and the project sponsor. Conclusions A summary of the project as a whole. Lesson learned. Possible applications and extensions of the work Lessons Learned Future Activity Prospects for Further Work REFRENCES CITED Attaran, M. (2007) RFID: an enabler of supply chain operations , Emerald: Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 12 (4), pp. 249 257. Auramo, J., Kauremaa, J. Tanskanen, K. (2005) Benefits of IT in supply chain management: an explorative study of progressive companies, Emerald: International Journal of Physical, 35 (2), pp. 82-100. Birch, D.G.W. (2007a) Digital Identity Management: Technological, Business and Social Implications. Gower Publishing. Aldershot, UK. Birch, D.G.W. (2007b) Digital Identity Management: Technological, Business and Social Implications. In: Gower Publishing. Aldershot, UK, p. 122. Birch, D.G.W. (2007c) Digital Identity Management: Technological, Business and Social Implications. In: Gower Publishing. Aldershot, UK, p. 67. Burgess, J. Connell, J. (2006) Developments in the Call Centre Industry : Analysis, changes and challenges. New York, US: Routledge. Chawathe, S.S., Krishnamurthy, V., Ramachandran, S. Sarma, S. (2004) Managing RFID Data [Online]. Available from: https://www.vldb.org/conf/2004/IND6P2.PDF (Accessed: May, 26, 2008). Corsten, D. Gruen, T. (2003) Desperately seeking shelf availability: an examination of the extent, the causes, and the efforts to address retail out-of-stocks, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 31 (12), pp. 605-617. DeHoratius, N. Raman, A. (2004) Inventory Record Inaccuracy: An Empirical Analysis. University of Chicago Graduate School of Business Working Paper Available from: https://bctim.wustl.edu/calendar/mediafiles/IRI04.pdf (Accessed. DiBella, W.L. (2008) Incorporating RFID Into The Evolution Of Data Center Management [Online]. Available from: https://www.busmanagement.com/pastissue/article.asp?art=269790issue=195 (Accessed: May 31, 2008). Drobik, A., Raskino, M., Flint, D., Austin, T., MacDonald, N. McGee, K. (2002) The Gartner Definition of Real-Time Enterprise. Available from: https://www.gartner.com/resources/110400/110421/110421.pdf (Accessed: April 5, 2008). Eid, T. Caldwell, F. (2007) Audits and Events Drive Governance, Risk and Compliance Spending. Available from: https://www.gartner.com/resources/145900/145903/audits_and_events_drive_gove_145903.pdf (Accessed. Gartner (2008) Hype Cycle for Wireless Networking Infrastructure, 2008, in 159592_0001.gif (ed.) ed. Available from: https://www.gartner.com/resources/159500/159592/159592_0001.gif (Accessed: July 11, 2008). Gaudin, S. (2008) Gartner: Global RFID market to top $1.2B this year [Online]. Available from: https://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasicarticleId=9064578 (Accessed: May, 21, 2008). Handfield, R.R. Ernest L Nichols, J. (2002) Supply Chain Redesign Transforming Chains into Integrated Value Systems. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Hansen, W.-R. Gilbert, F. (2008) RFID for the Optimization of Business Processes. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Heizer, J. Render, B. (2006) Chapter 11: Supply Chain Management. In, Operations Management. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, p. 432. Hodges, S. McFarlane, D. (2004a) RFID: The Concept and the Impact. In, The Security Economy. France: OECD Publications, p. 59. Hodges, S. McFarlane, D. (2004b) RFID: The Concept and the Impact. In, The Security Economy. France: OECD Publications, p. p.62. HP.com (2006) HP Creates RFID Technology for Tracking Data Center Assets [Online]. Available from: https://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/2006/061017b.html (Accessed: May 31, 2008). Hunt, V.D., Puglia, A. Puglia, M. (2007) RFID: A guide to Radio Frequency Identification. In: New Jersey, US: John Wiley Sons Inc., p. 34. Jones, P., Clarke-Hill, C., Hillier, D. Comfort, D. (2005) The benefits, challenges and impacts of radio frequency identification technology (RFID) for retailers in the UK, Emerald: Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 23 (4), pp. 395-402. Landt, J. (2001) Shrouds of Time: The history of RFID [Online]. Available from: https://www.transcore.com/pdf/AIM%20shrouds_of_time.pdf (Accessed: May 12, 2008). Langdoc, S., Garf, R. Suleski, J. (2006) Top 10 Grocery IT Imperatives: It Really is Now or Never. AMR Reserach Inc. Available from: https://www.acornsys.com/resources/downloads/top-10-grocery-imperatives.pdf (Accessed. Phillip Redman, R.A., Monica Basso, Paul Dittner, Ken Dulaney, Nick Jones, Jeff Woods, P.A.R., David A. Willis, Nahoko Mitsuyama (2005) Hype Cycle for Wireless Networking Infrastructure, 2005. Available from: https://www.gartner.com/resources/127800/127884/hype_cycle_for_.pdf (Accessed: July 1, 2008). Ranadive, V. (2006) Chapter 1: Why Predictive Business Today? In, The Power to Predict. New York: McGraw-Hill, p. 1. Ranky, P.G. (2006) An introduction to radio frequency identificaiton (RFID) methods and solutions, Assembly Automation, 26 (1), pp. 28-33. Rees, R. (2004) ISO Supply Chain RFID Standards [Online]. Available from: https://portal.etsi.org/docbox/ERM/open/RFIDWorkshop/RFID_20%20Richard%20Rees_BSI.pdf (Accessed: May 2008). Schuster, E.W., Allen, S.J. Brock, D.L. (2006) Global RFID: The Value of the EPCglobal Network for Supply Chain Management. New York: Springer Berlin Heidleberg. Sylvain Fabre, K.D., Phillip Redman, Michael J. King, Tim Zimmerman, Bettina Tratz-, Ryan, B.R., William Clark, Martin Gutberlet, John-David Lovelock, Akshay K. Sharma,, Monica Basso, B.G., Carolina Milanesi, John Pescatore, Mark Fabbi, Patti A. Reali, Sandy Shen, J.F., Martina Kurth, Jean-Claude Delcroix, Nick Jones (2008) Hype Cycle for Wireless Networking Infrastructure, 2008. Available from: https://www.gartner.com/resources/159500/159592/hype_cycle_for_wireless_netw_159592.pdf (Accessed: July 1, 2008). Tan, L. (2007) Bank taps RFID in data center [Online]. Available from: https://www.zdnetasia.com/news/business/0,39044229,62032978,00.htm (Accessed: April 20, 2008). Twist, D.C. (2005) The impact of radio frequency identification on supply chain facilities. Journal of Facilities Management, 3 (3), pp. 226-239. White, B. (2000) Dissertation Skills for Business and Management Students. United States: Thomson. Williams, D. (2005a) Beyond the Supply Chain: The impact of RFID on Business Operations and IT Infrastructure [Online]. Computerworkd.com. Available from: https://www.computerworld.com/mobiletopics/mobile/story/0,10801,101791,00.html (Accessed: January 13, 2008). Williams, D.H. (2005b) Beyond the Supply Chain: The Impact of RFID on Business Operations and IT Infrastructure [Online]. Available from: https://www.computerworld.com/mobiletopics/mobile/story/0,10801,101791,00.html (Accessed: May 25, 2008). Wyld, D.C. (2006) RFID 101: the next big thing got management, Emerald: Management Reserach News, 29 (4), pp. 157-173. Yoder, R.C. (2006) Using RFID in the classroom to teach information systems principles, Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges 21 (6), pp. 123-129. APPENDICES Pattern-Description Template This section shows how to start an appendix and how to illustrate tables and figures. These are extracts from actual material. In this particular project dissertation, a large part of the project was carried out on the web. Some of these particular appendices were abridged accounts that supported the thesis without requiring on-line access for the material and that allowed a print version to be self-contained. Latest version: https://TROSTing.org/info/2005/08/i050803b.htm provides the latest material on the TROST Pattern Description Approach. Version:0.30 https://TROSTing.org/info/2005/08/i050803e.htm is the version of the approach that this appendix is based on. Table 2 RFID vs Barcode RFID Barcode The pattlet format is convenient for determining whether it is promising to examine the complete pattern description. Pattlets are also convenient as summaries of patterns having detailed descriptions provided elsewhere. In that case, the summary saves the reader from having to track down additional sources simply to see how the pattern is being applied in an immediate situation. The pattlet is a summary-level stand-in and connection to further detail. The following table illustrates the complete set of subtopics currently identified in the Pattern-Description Template. Table 3 Full Pattern-Description Organization 1. Identification 1.1 Name 1.2 Version 1.3 Summary 1.4 Also Known As 1.5 Type 1.6 Archetype 1.7 Keywords 2. Situation 2.1 Perspectives 2.2 Context 2.3 Applicability 2.4 Indications 3. Intention 3.1 Intent 3.2 Background 4. Concerns 5. Approach 5.1 Key Statement 5.2 Rationale 5.3 Prerequisites 5.4 Sketches 5.5 Detail 5.6 Models 5.7 Diagrams 6. Realization 7. Considerations 7.1 Testing 7.2 Safety/Failure 7.3 Deployment 7.4 Security 7.5 Operations 7.6 Usability 7.7 Support/Repair 7.8 Performance/Scale 7.9 Trustworthiness 8. Consequences 8.1 Benefits 8.2 Limitations 8.3 Trade-Offs 8.4 Risks 8.5 Next Challenges 9. Usage 9.1 Known Examples 9.2 Variants 9.3 Related Patterns 10. Sources 10.1 References 10.2 Contributors 10.3 Attribution This Appendix is included to show how section numbering is preserved in the Appendices, how figures are captioned and cross-referenced, and to verify that the table of contents is still being correctly produced.

Biography of Ninoy Aquino, Filipino Opposition Leader

Benigno Simeon  Ninoy  Aquino Jr. (November 27, 1932–August 21, 1983) was a Filipino political leader who led the opposition against Ferdinand Marcos, the dictator of the Philippines. For his activities, Aquino was imprisoned for seven years. He was assassinated in 1983 after returning from a period of exile in the United States. Fast Facts: Ninoy Aquino Known For: Aquino led the Filipino opposition party during the reign of Ferdinand Marcos.Also Known As: Benigno Ninoy Aquino Jr.Born: November 27, 1932 in Concepcion, Tarlac,  Philippine IslandsParents: Benigno Aquino Sr.  and Aurora Lampa AquinoDied: August 21, 1983 in Manila, PhilippinesSpouse: Corazon Cojuangco (m. 1954–1983)Children: 5 Early Life Benigno Simeon Aquino, Jr., nicknamed Ninoy, was born into a wealthy landowning family in Conception, Tarlac, Philippines, on November 27, 1932. His grandfather Servillano Aquino y Aguilar had been a general in the anti-colonial Philippine Revolution. Ninoys father Benigno Aquino Sr. was a longtime Filipino politician. Ninoy attended several excellent private schools in the Philippines as he was growing up. However, his teen years were full of turmoil. Ninoys father was jailed as a collaborator when the boy was only 12  and died three years later, just after Ninoys 15th birthday. A somewhat indifferent student, Ninoy decided to go to Korea to report on the Korean War at the age of 17 rather than going to university. He reported on the war for the Manila Times, earning the Philippine Legion of Honor for his work. In 1954 when he was 21, Ninoy Aquino began studying law at the University of the Philippines. There, he belonged to the same branch of the Upsilon Sigma Phi fraternity as his future political opponent Ferdinand Marcos. Political Career The same year he started law school, Aquino married Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco, a fellow law student from a major Chinese/Filipino banking family. The couple first met at a birthday party when they were both 9 years old  and became reacquainted after Corazon returned to the Philippines following her university studies in the United States. A year after they married, in 1955, Aquino was elected mayor of his hometown of Concepcion, Tarlac. He was only 22 years old. Aquino went on to rack up a string of records for being elected at a young age: he was elected vice-governor of the province at 27, governor at 29, and secretary-general of the Philippines Liberal Party at 33. Finally, at 34, he became the nations youngest senator. From his place in the Senate, Aquino blasted his former fraternity brother, President Ferdinand Marcos, for setting up a militarized government and for corruption and extravagance. Aquino also took on First Lady Imelda Marcos, dubbing her the Philippines Eva Peron, although as students the two had briefly dated. Opposition Leader Charming and always ready with a good soundbite, Senator Aquino settled into his role as the primary gadfly of the Marcos regime. He consistently blasted Marcos  financial policies and his spending on personal projects and enormous military outlays. On August 21, 1971, Aquinos Liberal Party staged its political campaign kickoff rally. Aquino himself was not in attendance. Shortly after the candidates took the stage, two huge explosions rocked the rally—the work of fragmentation grenades hurled into the crowd by unknown assailants. The grenades killed eight people and injured about 120 more. Aquino accused Marcoss Nacionalista Party of being behind the attack. Marcos countered by blaming communists and arresting a number of known Maoists. Martial Law and Imprisonment On September 21, 1972, Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law in the Philippines. Among the people swept up and jailed on fabricated charges was Ninoy Aquino. He faced charges of murder, subversion, and weapons possession, and was tried in a military kangaroo court. On April 4, 1975, Aquino went on a hunger strike to protest the military tribunal system. Even as his physical condition deteriorated, his trial continued. The slight Aquino refused all nourishment but salt tablets and water for 40 days  and dropped from 120 to 80 pounds. Aquinos friends and family convinced him to begin eating again after 40 days. His trial dragged on, however, and did not conclude until November 25, 1977. On that day, the military commission found him guilty on all counts. Aquino was to be executed by firing squad. Peoples Power From prison, Aquino played a major organizational role in the 1978 parliamentary elections. He founded a new political party, known as the Peoples Power or Lakas ng Bayan party (LABAN for short). Although the LABAN party enjoyed huge public support, every one of its candidates lost in the thoroughly rigged election. Nonetheless, the election proved that Aquino could act as a powerful political catalyst even from a cell in solitary confinement. Feisty and unbowed, despite the death sentence hanging over his head, he was a serious threat to the Marcos regime. Heart Problems and Exile Sometime in March 1980, in an echo of his own fathers experience, Aquino suffered a heart attack in his prison cell. A second heart attack at the Philippine Heart Center showed that he had a blocked artery, but Aquino refused to allow surgeons in the Philippines to operate on him for fear of foul play by Marcos. Imelda Marcos made a surprise visit to Aquinos hospital room on May 8, 1980, offering him a medical furlough to the United States for surgery. She had two stipulations, however: Aquino had to promise to return to the Philippines and he had to swear not to denounce the Marcos regime while he was in the United States. That same night, Aquino and his family got on a plane bound for Dallas, Texas. The Aquino family decided not to return to the Philippines right after Aquinos recovery from surgery. They moved instead to Newton, Massachusetts, not far from Boston. There, Aquino accepted fellowships from Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which allowed him the opportunity to give a series of lectures and write two books. Despite his earlier pledge to Imelda, Aquino was highly critical of the Marcos regime during his stay in America. Death In 1983, Ferdinand Marcoss health began to deteriorate, and with it his iron grip on the Philippines. Aquino worried that if he died, the country would descend into chaos and an even more extreme government might emerge. Aquino decided to take the risk of returning to the Philippines, fully aware that he might well be reimprisoned or even killed. The Marcos regime tried to prevent his return by revoking his passport, denying him a visa, and warning international airlines that they would not be allowed landing clearance if they tried to bring Aquino into the country. On August 13, 1983, Aquino began a meandering, week-long flight that took him from Boston to Los Angeles and through Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Because Marcos had cut off diplomatic relations with Taiwan, the government there was under no obligation to cooperate with his regimes goal of keeping Aquino away from Manila. As China Airlines Flight 811 descended into Manila International Airport on August 21, 1983, Aquino warned the foreign journalists traveling with him to have their cameras ready. In a matter of three or four minutes it could all be over, he noted with chilling prescience. Minutes after the plane touched down, he was dead—killed by an assassins bullet. Legacy After a 12-hour funeral procession, in which an estimated two million people took part, Aquino was buried in the Manila Memorial Park. The leader of the Liberal Party famously eulogized Aquino as the greatest president we never had. Many commentators compared him to the executed anti-Spanish revolutionary leader Jose Rizal. Inspired by the outpouring of support she received after Aquinos death, the formerly shy Corazon Aquino became a leader of the anti-Marcos movement. In 1985, Ferdinand Marcos called for a snap presidential election in a ploy to reinforce his power. Aquino ran against him, and Marcos was proclaimed the winner in a clearly falsified result. Mrs. Aquino called for massive demonstrations, and millions of Filipinos rallied to her side. In what became known as the People Power Revolution, Ferdinand Marcos was forced into exile. On February 25, 1986, Corazon Aquino became the 11th President of the Philippine Republic and its first female president. Ninoy Aquinos legacy did not end with his wifes six-year presidency, which saw democratic principles reintroduced into the nation. In June 2010, his son Benigno Simeon Aquino III, known as Noy-noy, became president of the Philippines. Sources MacLean, John. â€Å"Philippines Recalls Aquino Killing.† BBC News, BBC, 20 Aug. 2003.Nelson, Anne. In the Grotto of the Pink Sisters: Cory Aquinos Test of Faith, Mother Jones Magazine, Jan. 1988.Reid, Robert H., and Eileen Guerrero. Corazon Aquino and the Brushfire Revolution. Louisiana State University Press, 1995.

The End Of The Civil War - 1483 Words

Taking a look through America’s history, even in the original thirteen colonies, there was a distinct line between the North and South. This line differentiated everything from crops to religion. As the country expanded and evolved this line not only become clearer but also started to cause more conflict. Eventually it became clear that the North was industrializing and the South wanted to remain an agrarian society. Leading up to the civil war was basically a sibling rivalry of push and shove. One day the South would start to implement slavery in a disputed or free territory and he next the North would be putting up factories in South Carolina. The main problem however is that the South pushed harder than the North. The South would ask for more benefits and complain more when the North got barely even anything. These arguments eventually led to fighting and then to the civil war. The South is clearly at fault for starting the civil war because of how it handled certain politi cal decisions and arguments that had been going on at the time. In 1818, after gaining enough residents to be classified as a state, the territory of Missouri requested annexation into the United States of America. Seeing their opportunity the South decided to push for Missouri to be annexed as a slave state. The problem with this is the fact that the South was pushing to unbalance the Union and attempt to gain congressional power. This southern hunger for power was slowly spreading and was not onlyShow MoreRelatedThe End Of The Civil War796 Words   |  4 Pagesgave up the Confederate’s capital of Richmond. (Farmer, 2016) This has been marked throughout history as the end of the Civil War. The war was over before it ever began. Not to make this sound all one sided, meaning that the Union had all the advantages. The Confederate Army had many of their own advantages. 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Therefore, the North was made up of a more industrialized society where most people workedRead MoreThe End Of The Civil War1577 Words   |  7 PagesAfter the end of the Civil War, the most challenging, and equally important task for the federal government of the US was to reconstru ct the defeated South and establish equality for the African Americans. A highly debated and crucial topic in this time period was the rights of the free black men to vote. â€Å"The goal of Reconstruction was to readmit the South on terms that were acceptable to the North –full political and civil equality for blacks and a denial of the political rights of whites who wereRead MoreThe End Of The Civil War Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesMr. Lara/Mr. Doyle Dec 7 2016 Fords Theatre The end of the civil war was drawing near, and Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America was looking forward to the reconstruction of his country. He went out for a play at Fords Theatre. While enjoying the play he was shot in the back by an assassin . This assination changed the future of America, and affects us today. At the end of the Civil War there were very different plans for reconstructing the nation wereRead MoreThe End Of The Civil War1487 Words   |  6 PagesAfter the American Civil War, African Americans believed that their lives would improve. The Union had won the war, and the United States was whole again. There was hope, and above all, they were finally free. Even things were changing inside the government. Before the Civil War ended, Abraham Lincoln realized the states needed to have government officials loyal to the Unionist cause if the war was to end. 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Quiapo Paper free essay sample

Dy, James Andrew D. SA 21-C Silva, Maria Patricia T. March 8, 2011 Uy, Christian R. Better Catholics and Better Filipinos Catholicism in the Philippines right now, is very prevalent, filled with all sorts of beliefs and values that are constantly being practiced by the Filipinos. How exactly did this Catholicism come to be? It was first introduced to the Filipino people by the Spaniards, our past colonizers, and this was what they first used to educate and to civilize the olden Filipino people. At the time, the Filipinos, though perceived to be simplistic, and were behind in terms of technology, arts, and the like in comparison to the western world, they already had their own culture, with its own set of respective belief and values, and thus, the Spaniards themselves were finding it rather difficult to simply teach their belief of Catholicism to the natives when they already believed in something else. In order to power through this and still be able to promulgate Catholicism, instead of taking over and erasing the Filipino culture, surprisingly, the opposite happened. The new teachings of the Catholic faith were infused and combined with the pre-existing beliefs of the natives. Frank Lynch defines Folk Catholicism as the combination of the culture of the Filipinos to the usual Catholic religious beliefs, and that is how Folk Catholicism is formed. To this day, Folk Catholicism is very much prevalent in the country, and in fact it can be regularly seen among the people. The biggest testament of which, is the appropriation of Catholic beliefs to Filipino culture can be seen in the way we celebrate our very own festivals in the Philippines and the way we celebrate known events like Lent, Christmas and even the Feasts of the Dead, all of these have become appropriated to the Philippine Culture to be centered around family and community solidarity. Ultimately, Lynch believed that the way Catholicism was appropriated with the Filipino Culture was a great way of promoting the Catholic faith, for it was able to help them better understand and live Christs message. The Catholic faith has been manifested in a physical form that is very Filipino, and thus, it helps the Filipinos themselves to live by the teachings. In addition to that, as what was previously stated, the Folk Catholicism that has been created solidifies the community and the amily, thereby bearing proof that being Better Catholics did indeed push the Filipinos to become better themselves. However, through the flow of time, and with all the changes that has happened technologically, socially and etc. , can this opinion still hold up? Has Folk Catholicism continued to be complementary to the original Catholic faith? The answer to that question lies within the heart of Manila, in Quiapo Church and Plaza Miranda. In the hodgepodge of people, paraphernalia and seemingly ra ndom clutter of items and beliefs, there lies the truest form of the present Folk Catholicism. To start off, inside the confines of the Quiapo Church, we were able to see a very solemn showing of faith by the devotees, from those sitting in the  pews, confessing to priests and  even to those who were  slowly progressing through the center aisle while kneeling. Thousands  of these devotees flock inside the church to pray and confess, and of  course, to witness the Black Nazarene, the patron of the Basilica of  Quiapo. A practice of which includes the pahalik, where devotees wait for their turn to touch the  foot of the Black Nazarene image near the altar. There is even the   blessing of images of the Black Nazarene after every mass which serves as a constant reminder that there is a God whom they worship and firmly believe in, and most gloriously, Catholics, Filipinos and foreigners alike, gather to witness the   procession of the Black Nazarene around Manila one in which they literally battle   for position to get the chance of having their cloths, rosaries, and   other accessories blessed by the Black Nazarene through a simple touch to the image. Needless to say, the power of the Catholic Faith is strong within the Quiapo Church. Immediately outside however, is a different story. In Plaza Miranda, it seems as if everything is opposite. There are women who, for a fee, would pray the entire Rosary for anyone who needs a prayer but is too busy to do so. Also,  vendors are all over the place selling a lot of different and exotic  products. Some sell amulets of protection or â€Å"agimat†, some sell  different herbal medicines, and some even sell mystical stones said to  grant the bearer invisibility and protection over all things, and most striking of all is the presence of fortune-tellers who, for a measly 100 pesos, will use palmistry and a number of different tarot card readings to predict your future, a very tell-tale sign of the Occult which the Church is very much against. Everything there, from the amulets, and most specifically the fortune-tellers are all eemingly against the churchs teachings, and thus it seems as if the opinion and belief of Frank Lynch regarding the positivity of Folk Catholicism has been seemingly proven wrong. Seemingly. At the outset, everything that is inside the church is so massively  different from what is outside. It is easy for one to think that the ideals both sectors possess have grown to be complete opposites that the church and  the group of fortune tellers and my stic vendors outside are in  opposition with each other. However, when we were able to interview both the  fortune-tellers and the mystic vendors, they did indeed seem to veer off from what the church teaches by saying both extraordinary things (for the  vendors) and occult advices (for the fortune-tellers), however the  main point of what both of them said were very surprising and familiar;  Ã¢â‚¬Å"You will get what you dream and want, if you strive hard and pray to God. † In fact, even while giving your fortune, the fortune-teller continues to mention prayer to God, and continued reverence towards Him as being the most important part of living your life. From that statement, and from our observations around Quiapo, it can be  seen that what has been believed to be Folk Catholicism from before, has not actually significantly changed today. The beliefs and values revolving around the continued solidarity of the family and the community is still very much alive, as seen in the hubbub of people both inside and outside of the church, most of which are composed of (much like in the past) families. All in all, the way people have lived their faith, when compared to the Folk Catholicism of the past, indeed has changed. However, the change that has happened, did not affect the core value of our Folk Catholicism that was concluded by Frank Lynch. To this day, our focus on the family and the community still continue to resemble the words of Frank Lynch; Folk Catholicism has helped us become better Filipinos and better Catholics.